Widespread occurrence of micro-organisms (algae and lichens) caused by the travertine's morphological properties as well as by the micro-climatic conditions. This phenomenon caused a superficial blackening which seemed particularly focused on the mapped areas.
These thick coats give the monument a pleasant chromatic aspect and their colour extends from golden yellow to pink, orange-red, brown and finally dark grey.
Build-up of different extraneous materials with a minimum thickness (atmospheric particles, dust, soil, guano) which lead to foresee the underlying coats of oxalate.
Solid and uniform deposit which characterized the areas which were not directly exposed to the placer mining. The build-up made by atmospheric particles, dust, soil and guano prevented the interpretation of the underlying coats of oxalate.
Solid crust made mostly by atmospheric particles with a variable thickness (up to 1cm). In some areas the deposit spontaneously detached from the substrate which usually was more uneven.
Fallen or lost parts which acquire specific shapes according to the structural features or the weaving. Mappings have been made of the areas where the phenomenon was more evident.
Different kinds of weeds have been found, which are caused by the exposure and by the micro climatic changes. Among them, caper bushes were found, which caused instability inside the masonry, due to their substantial root structure.
Degradation caused by the total or partial detachment of pieces, often in corrispondence of the original material's discontinuity.
Material removal from the surface caused by different processes; this phenomenon was particularly clear down the stone facing at the 3rd order of the southern prospect.
Degradation caused by the development of cavities of different shape and size. This phenomenon is often observed lengthwise the areas that are more exposed to pouring rain.
Iron elements are characterized by a dusty coat of the corrosion products. Stains were found locally, caused by the absorption of the iron oxides inside the porosity of the stone.
Degradation caused by the development of the solutions of discontinuity of the material which can imply the repositioning of both parts. This phenomenon is produced mainly by mechanic causes: structural movements, expansion of the iron pivots, natural causes in the structure.
